Chart 4 contains the initial test results. As you can see, the known blood relatives match perfectly, while the descendents of the other two villages show differences. The Kulm descendant is different on 11 of the 13 markers (with 16 mutations) and the Waterloo descendant is different on 4 markers (with 4 mutations). With only 13 markers, at most 2 mutations could still mean a possible relative. When extended for 43 markers, the Paris descendants still matched perfectly, while the Kulm descendant matched only on 16 of 43 markers and the Watleroo descendant matched on 24. The participants are for sure not blood relatives.
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| CHART 4. Initial Y-DNA Test Results |
At this point, we begin to conclude no relationship exists between the Paris, Kulm and Waterloo Boettcher families. However, in order for more certainty, more samples from known relatives would be required to push back in time the most recent common ancestor of these other lines. Non-paternity events (e.g. illegitimacy) appear in 5% of cases, and can confuse results if only one person is tested from each family. In short, we need more participants to be more certain of our results. Also, there are Boettcher families in several other Bessarabian colonies (Tarutino, Arzis, Beresina, and Kloestitz) that could be related.
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